Air Pollution from Vehicle Emissions (1) Hydrocarbons (CH): Automotive emissions of cH account for 48% of total emissions. Although CH has no direct harm to human health, it can generate harmful photochemical smog, which can cause human body Indirect injury. (2) Carbon monoxide (CO): 80% of co in modern cities is emitted by automobile combustion. CO and heme are combined to produce carbon oxyhemoglobin (COHB). The binding capacity of heme and CO is 200 to 30 times that of venom, thereby greatly reducing the ability of heme to carry oxygen and causing hypoxia. (3) Nitrogen oxides (N0x): mainly NO, N-nitrogen, and nitrogen compounds emitted by automobiles account for more than 4 of the total nitrogen compounds released in the atmosphere. NO: Damage to cotton and linen and other materials, corrosion of bronze materials, damage to plant growth, the most serious is the acute respiratory tract can cause human disease, and is the main cause of photochemical smog, but also cause acid rain. (4) Dust particles: Automobile emissions account for more than 4% of the total emissions. Lead-containing gasoline is harmful to humans due to the combustion of particulates. It can cause human brain numbness and chronic kidney disease, and even cause severe death.
Car noise pollution 70% of modern urban noise comes from vehicles. The traffic noise mainly comes from the driving, vibration and horn sound of white transportation vehicles. The review of modern automobile environmental protection technologies is generally higher than that of foreign countries, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing and Hangzhou, and the noise levels are all above 80 decibels. Electromagnetic pollution The impact of automobile electromagnetic pollution on the surrounding environment is mainly manifested in the high-voltage ignition in the ignition system. The energy of the spark is very large, and the electromagnetic radiation generated interferes with the radio communication, radio broadcasting and television of the vehicle's driving position. According to GB14O3-92, the electromagnetic interference intensity bandwidth of a car should be in the range of 75 to 400 Hz. Other contaminated soils should include rubber and plastic products from used parts, used grease, air-conditioning and other freons.
Eco-friendly cars 1. Electronically controlled jet cars: An environmentally friendly, energy-saving vehicle that controls the combustion process with low fuel consumption and low pollution, developed in the western countries in the 1970s due to strict restrictions on vehicle emissions. Its basic principle is that the microcomputer (ECU) analyzes, calculates, and judges according to various signals transmitted from various sensors so as to accurately control and select the optimal ignition and injection timing and fuel injection amount. The 1970s and 1980s have been popularized in the West, but in the country until the 1990s, these problems were realized because of the deterioration of the environment.
2. Electric cars: Electric powered cars. This kind of car appeared earlier than the fuel car, but it was soon hit by people. Until the 1990s, based on the understanding of the importance of humanity's strategy for environmental protection and sustainable development, electric cars were once again favored. The biggest advantage of electric vehicles is that they drive without noise and emit no exhaust gas. Its development depends mainly on the use of batteries. At present, what is most favored by humans is the nickel-metal hydride battery that the automotive industry calls green energy.
The “RAVALEV†electric vehicle developed by Japan’s Toyota Corporation is the most successful example. The car can travel 220KM on a single charge, with a maximum speed of 120km/h. However, the U.S.-based sigma-ion battery developed by the U.S. General Motors Corporation is more advanced, and a single-charge car can run continuously. 6OOKM. The electric vehicles currently on the market are mainly electric-oil hybrid vehicles, that is, the vehicles are driven by electric power at low and middle speeds, and are driven by fuel power at high speeds and high loads.
3. Solar car: A solar car is a car that converts solar energy into electric energy as a driving power source. The level of solar energy is the level of photoelectric energy conversion efficiency. At present, the international advanced level of conversion is 21.2%. The United States “Pi Yange†uses a solar cell made of arsenide to convert light concentrators. The efficiency is up to 37%. In 1996, BS9632 “China No. 1†solar electric car developed by a research institute in Lianyungang, Jiangsu passed the appraisal in Nanjing. The car can travel 150 to 20KM on a single charge, and the maximum speed can reach 80 to 88 KM. The biggest advantage of this type of car is that there is no pollution from exhaust gas, and energy is free and inexhaustible. However, its shortcomings are equally prominent. That is, cars must be driven by the weather.
4. Hydrogen powered vehicles: Hydrogen powered vehicles are powered by hydrogen. In the combustion process of hydrogen, only C and vapor will be produced. As a secondary energy, hydrogen is rich in resources, which can be unlimited circulation without causing environmental pollution. Its combustion efficiency is high, reaching 60 to 80%, while fuel oil The thermal conversion efficiency is only 25-30%. In the 21st century that has just arrived, hydrogen energy will be developed and utilized on a large scale, and hydrogen-powered vehicles will also be given priority.
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