Electronic waste is a global issue. With the rapid development of human society and the emergence of new technologies, the number of discarded electronic devices has increased dramatically. This waste is both a resource and a burden.
Electronic and electrical equipment contains a lot of valuable metals and other materials. From a recycling economy point of view, it is entirely possible to make them a resource because, after proper treatment, the application value of these materials will emerge. Electronic equipment, especially old electronic equipment, also contains some harmful substances such as lead, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, and brominated flame retardants. To control these hazardous materials, the European Union is developing a new electronic device recycling law, the WEEE- Directive (Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment). The United States (including several states including California), China and other countries also followed closely.
Recycling cathode ray tubes (CRTs) is a major task in the recycling of electronic equipment because of its large volume. Moreover, new flat panel displays and digital technologies are rapidly replacing old CRTs. Discarded CRTs will become increasingly popular. more. These CRTs contain lead and phosphorus, which are harmful to the environment and health. Lead is in the hopper glass (back plate) and phosphorus is in the back of the front glass plate.
The beam from the 1.5kw Rofin-Sinar CO2 laser cuts the CRT into two parts
The new European Electronic Equipment Recovery Act (WEEE-Directive) deals with CRT recycling issues by establishing a series of regulations on how to recycle and recycle what results should be produced. According to the WEEE directive, 65% of the weight of a television or monitor must be recycled. It also stipulates that the CRT must be removed from the package and processed separately. In addition, the phosphor layer on the inner surface of the glass plate must be safely and completely removed. This recycling technology must meet the following requirements: First, the CRT must be cut into two parts so that the phosphor layer can be safely and completely removed. Then, the recycling technology must ensure the achievement of the following goals: the reuse of old televisions or monitors, to reach 65% of its weight, or more. If the separation of the glass material (plate glass and funnel glass) is done well, that is, lead glass is not included in the plate glass, and too much plate glass is not included in the funnel glass, then this 65% target It is not difficult to achieve; selling these materials to CRT manufacturers can achieve corresponding value. In addition, the process must be highly safe for workers operating recycling equipment.
Proventia Automation (Kempele, Finland; ) is a company specializing in automation solutions for the recycling, packaging and electronics industries. It has now developed an industrial solution for the recycling of discarded televisions and CRTs in monitors and has obtained patent rights. At the heart of this solution is the laser cutting process. Before cutting a TV or monitor package, the electronics inside must be removed. After this, the naked CRT was sent to a laser cutter. The cutting machine automatically measures its size and then selects the correct cutting program based on its size. The CRT is then moved to the cutting zone where the beam from the 1.5 kw Rofin-Sinar CO2 laser cuts the CRT in two parts. This laser can cut 1-2 CRTs per minute, and the cutting speed is related to the size of the CRT. Next, you need to clean the front and back glass inside the CRT. Take out the metal visor and pins, use a vacuum cleaner to remove the phosphorescent material, store it, and later treat it as a hazardous substance. Lead-containing funnel glass and lead-free plate glass are cleaned in a cleaning drum developed by Proventia Automation. After this, these treated glasses can be sold to CRT manufacturers for the production of new CRTs.
Compared with competitor diamond cutting technology, laser cutting technology has the following advantages: First, cutting speed, Proventia Automation's single laser line solution, with the ability to handle 500,000 CRTs per year. Second, the separate CRT glass produced by this solution is of high quality and can be sold directly to CRT manufacturers. This is very important from an economic point of view and is as important as achieving the 65% goal. Third, the cost of running the solution is lower because the price of CO2 gas tanks and some mirrors is much cheaper than regular replacement of diamond saws. Laser cutting also produces much less dust during the cutting process, thereby reducing the impact on the health of workers.
The key factor for CRT recycling is the way out of glass. There is no other application than the use of a new CRT, and this type of glass can be used on a large scale. Because the sales of flat panel displays are rapidly increasing, many people have already expressed concern about the glass repair market. However, market research conducted by television and monitor manufacturers and other independent groups shows that in the next five years, in terms of quantity, the CRT will still dominate the display field, and the annual production will exceed 140 million. Because, CRT manufacturers can save a lot of costs and energy costs from the use of recycled CRT materials, recycling companies are not only hot business, but also help protect the environment.
So far, Proventia Automation has provided a system to Finland, provided two systems to the UK and provided a system to Germany. The Finnish installation at CRT- Finland (Forssa) is the first installation in Finland and plays a pioneering and experimental role. Now, it is completely in commercial operation. Technically, it can handle CRT garbage in all Finnish markets. Two sets of equipment in the UK, one in Shore Recycling (Perth, Scotland) and the other in Citiraya (Hirwaun, Wales), have been operational in early 2005. German equipment was installed at Proventia's partner, ZME Elektronik Recycling (Heuchelheim), and was completed in 2005. Proventia Automation is in talks with recycling companies in the United States and China and hopes to send the first set of equipment there in 2005.
Rauno Partanen, general manager of CRT Finland Oy, commented on the CRT recycling and laser cutting methods: “When we consider entering the CRT recycling industry, an important issue for us is: the utilization of materials after processing. It should be very high. We choose the laser, which is based in large part on this point, because the two different types of glass can be used to sell glass at a good price. It is important that the glass is reused. Before we had to do the cleaning, we are doing this with Proventia's cleaning technology. We have invested heavily in electronics recycling technology, so now we can further propose: To TVs and monitors Re-use rate is increased to 90% (by weight).For us, it is also important that our entire process (cutting and cleaning) is dry, so we do not have to deal with and clean the contamination Liquid related issues".
“In theory, our CRT recycling line can handle all aging CRTs in Finland. Even if the number of CRTs will gradually decrease in the future, we believe that the total number of CRTs to be processed will even increase because our CRT recycling technology generates The glass is very clean, and it can be used in other ways than CRT."
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