During the summer and winter seasons, “run coal†has become the number one priority for many power plants. Some power plant management personnel are almost out of the nest to purchase power coal. Even so, many times still can not solve the tension of electric coal. For this reason, many power plants, especially the South China Power Plant, have signed several times and hope that the country will establish a coal reserve mechanism to ease the seasonal bottleneck of electric coal.
On February 24, the National Development and Reform Commission held a national coal emergency reserve working conference in Beijing and deployed the first batch of national coal reserve work plans to determine that the first batch of national coal emergency reserve plans for 2011 will be 5 million tons, which will be completed by the end of May. The first batch of physical reserves. According to the national coal emergency reserve plan (hereinafter referred to as the plan), 10 large-scale coal and power companies such as Shenhua, and 8 port companies including Qinhuangdao Port, Huanghua Port, Zhoushan Port, Guangzhou Port, Wuhan Port, Wuhu Port, Xuzhou Port, Zhuhai Port, etc. , Become the first emergency coal reserve point in the country.
This program is mainly led by the Economic Operation Regulations Bureau of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Department of Fixed Assets Investment and the Department of Economic Development of the Ministry of Finance. It intends to ease the supply and demand contradictions at the time of peaks and prevent various types of natural disasters or emergencies by establishing a national coal emergency reserve.
“The work has already begun, but the current mode of reserve is only for the sake of easing the peaks of electricity coal shortage.†The head of the fuel department of a southern plant that entered the pilot said in an interview: “The amount of coal that we need to reserve now Only enough for three days."
Whether the coal emergency reserve plan will help ease or resolve the shortage of power coal, whether the participating companies can find a good profit model and avoid becoming the long-term burden of state finance ultimately is a test that this plan faces.
Subsidy program wins
As early as the end of 2003, the China Coal Industry Association had advised the country to establish a strategic reserve system for coal resources as soon as possible. Due to the immature technology, this plan has not been implemented. Until 2008, the five southern provinces suffered sudden snow, ice, and freezing disasters, resulting in a concentrated outbreak of coal shortages. The relevant departments have accelerated the pace of research on the coal reserve system.
Also after the snowstorm in 2008, Qian Pingfan, director of the Industrial Economic Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council, began thinking about and started studying the coal reserve system. The draft was completed in May 2009 and was formally reported to the State Council in June. Qian Pingfan has been focusing on the coal industry for decades.
"At that time, the study of the coal reserve system, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Coal Transportation and Marketing Association were all involved." Qian Pingfan said in an interview with reporters. Qian Pingfan’s plan is to use a digital coal blending system to implement a coal reserve system for supply chain management. In this program, two points are particularly important: one is coal blending and the other is supply chain management.
Coal blending is the deployment of different calorie coals to achieve the different calorific values ​​required by the power plant and then to provide it to the power plant. Moreover, it must be ensured that reserves will flow every day for 30 days to 60 days to ensure that coal is fresh. Supply chain management is to transform the trading relationship between coal and electricity into services provided by third parties and provide an information service platform.
“The coal reserve system envisaged at that time was not the same as the current one.†Qian Pingfan said that coal blending and supply chain management can increase the added value of the coal reserve base, and it is very profitable, so no national investment is required. It can be Complete market behavior. “From the current proposal, the reserve base only undertakes simple coal entry and exit, and is a transfer station. Although it can achieve the function of strategic reserve, it increases operating costs and it is difficult to form a profit.â€
In order to make up for the increased cost of strategic reserves for enterprises, the current plan clearly stated that the funds required for new construction and expansion of reserve points can be allocated investment subsidies from the central budget; the interest subsidies for coal emergency reserve loans should be given to the use of the site. Fees and custodial fees are given in fixed subsidies.
"After investigating the various reserve points and communicating with companies, the specific methods of subsidy will be introduced." An investigator from the Energy Division of the Economic Operation Bureau of the National Development and Reform Commission revealed that the investigation is underway. “The focus will be on the coal storage capacity, coal storage costs, the time limit for storage and storage, and the costs for the storage and reconstruction of the port. The cost data generated by the inspection will serve as a reference for subsidizing emergency coal storage companies.â€
Regarding the reasons for the subsidy, the above-mentioned researcher explained that the current proposal is a dynamic reserve process that allows buying and selling, but because each participating company's primary task is to ensure that the state specifies the amount of coal. "In the event of an emergency, the state can give priority to procurement, and the price may be lower than the market price, which will cause certain losses to the enterprise, so it needs subsidies."
The above-mentioned investigators also admitted that in fact, the current government's plan for how to operate the coal emergency reserve is not yet mature. “So the first batch was announced first, and the quantity was not large. When the first batch of operations matured, the second batch and the second were announced. Three batches. The pilots for the second and third batches have now been determined."
In the view of Qian Pingfan, not all pilot sites currently announced need to enter the national coal emergency reserve. “For example, the ports of Guangzhou and Zhuhai can be fully considered by the government of Guangdong Province for investment and construction. There is no need for the state to increase the burden.â€
Before the national coal emergency reserve plan was announced, many local provinces have begun to set up coal reserve bases.
Beijing, Shanxi, Shandong, Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Liaoning have all put forward plans for the construction of a coal strategic reserve base. Some coal reserve base projects have been started and put into operation. For example, since 2008, Shandong plans to build four coal emergency reserve bases such as Longkou. At the end of last year, CPI Henan Branch also signed a cooperation framework agreement with the government of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, and plans to invest 5 billion yuan to build a 10-million-ton coal reserve base in Sanmenxia.
Can companies profit?
At present, coal emergency reserve bases are built by the government, but Li Chaolin, a researcher at the China Coal Transportation and Marketing Association, thinks that the main part of the reserves is the enterprise. “So whether this coal reserve can be carried out smoothly depends on whether it brings about the business. Convenience and benefits."
In fact, it is not difficult to make profits from coal reserves. The Caofeidian digital coal reserve base that did not enter the pilot list was welcomed by many enterprises.
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