The introduction of fingerprinting technology has played a crucial role in advancing modern research and quality control in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It has enabled the development of comprehensive models that best represent the complex chemical composition of TCM ingredients, and these models are now gaining initial acceptance in the international community. However, challenges remain—particularly in the area of spectral and structural analysis, where progress has been limited. If researchers can develop an efficacy testing method that integrates both the overall profile and specific characteristics of TCM treatments, while also strengthening bioinformatics and chemometrics research, a new and distinct quality standard for TCM could soon be established, one that is fundamentally different from Western medicine standards. This potential breakthrough is seen as a major milestone in the ongoing modernization of TCM, which has been a national priority since 1993. In 1998, China launched the "Strategy for the Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine," followed by the "Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Industrialization Development" special project in 1999. By 2002, the "Outline for the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization (2002-2010)" was introduced, setting the stage for extensive research and technological integration. During this period, numerous research institutes and enterprises have embraced high-tech approaches to innovate and advance TCM. The government's support has led to significant investments in R&D, with enterprise R&D costs rising from 1.62 billion yuan in 2001 to 4.34 billion yuan in 2005. This investment has yielded promising results, including 45 new drug patents, 41 varieties completing research for approval, and 109 entering clinical trials. Additionally, 206 innovative projects are in the early stages of development, such as safflower yellow injection and Danshen polyphenol powder injection. The modernization of TCM has evolved through three key phases. The first focused on reformulating traditional dosage forms, such as turning pills and powders into tablets, capsules, and injections. The second phase involved advanced extraction and separation techniques to isolate active compounds. The third and most advanced stage now uses cutting-edge technologies like high-throughput screening and analytical methods to define clear mechanisms and compositions, aiming to meet global standards. Despite progress, challenges persist, especially regarding safety and quality control. Controversies around TCM injections have raised concerns, prompting stricter regulations. The government has improved national standards, with over 7,000 current TCM standards in place. Quality control systems for TCM injections have been enhanced, incorporating fingerprinting and multi-component analysis to ensure consistency and safety. Experts like Luo Guo’an from Tsinghua University emphasize that the core challenge lies in developing quality standards that reflect both the complexity of TCM and its efficacy. Fingerprinting technology, when combined with multiple indicators, has already shown success in improving product safety and performance. With continued innovation and international collaboration, the future of TCM looks increasingly promising.

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