Galena carbonation conversion of galena in a solution of ammonium carbonate, at atmospheric pressure, when a temperature of air was 50 ~ 60 ℃, lead carbonate and further converted to elemental sulfur, the reaction is as follows:
PbS+(NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 +1/20 2 +H 2 0 ==PbC0 3 +S o +2NH 4 OH
The reaction - â–³
The reaction is controlled by the diffusion of oxygen, the stirring strength is increased, the reaction is progressed, and the conversion rate is obviously improved. See the following table, the effect of the ore particle size on the conversion, see the following table.
Effect of stirring speed on conversion | |
Stirring speed / ( r · min-1 ) | Lead conversion rate /% |
1000 | 86.6 |
1300 | 95.7 |
2000 | 97.3 |
Note: 50 ° C, 6 h, L / S = 4 m 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 = 5 mol (A ore in the multi-element analysis results of the ore chemical).
Effect of ore particle size on conversion | |||||
Serial number | Ore size / μm | Lead conversion rate /% | |||
>71 | 50~71 | 40~50 | <40 | ||
1 | 1.9 | 10.41 | 23.41 | 44.28 | 56.1 |
2 | 3.35 | 7.15 | 4.09 | 85.41 | 88.7 |
3 | 1.23 | 2.67 | 3.27 | 92.83 | 88.8 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 95.8 |
Note: 50 ° C, 6 h, L / S = 4 m 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 = 5 mol (A ore in the multi-element analysis results of the ore chemical).
The effects of reaction time, temperature and amount of iron carbonate on the conversion are shown in the following figures. [next]
Iron sulfide (FeS 2 or FeS (1+x) in ore can be used as a carrier of oxygen to catalyze the reaction. If the ore does not contain iron sulfide or the amount is very low, iron sulfide can be added to accelerate the reaction. See above Four figures.
The transforming agent can be converted with sodium carbonate instead of carbonic acid. Since sodium carbonate is not volatile, the related equipment does not have to be sealed, and for some difficult-to-convert ores, the conversion temperature can be increased to achieve a higher conversion rate.
Sodium carbonate conversion has the following problems:
(1) The price of sodium carbonate is more expensive than ammonium carbonate. If sodium carbonate is used, the production cost will increase.
(2) Conversion with ammonium carbonate, about 80% of the stellite is converted to elemental sulphur, while with sodium carbonate, no elemental sulphur is formed, and all oxidized to S x O y 2- or SO 4 2- Solution.
Therefore, sodium carbonate conversion is generally not used, and carbonic acid conversion is used.
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