1 Introduction
Baghdad is part of the Semyx Company and is located 190km northwest of Zinx, Arizona.
Construction began in March 1975 and was completed in July 1977. It reached 38 kt/d in February 1978 and 42 kt/d in April. It can produce 59kt of copper per year, 910t of by-product molybdenum and 6kt of electrolytic copper. The plant selection scale is 60kt/d.
2. Deposits, ores and mining
Baghdad is a porphyry copper-molybdenum ore. Copper oxide accounts for about 25% to 30%. At the end of 1973, the ore reserves were 265 Mt of sulfide ore, with an average grade of 0.47% Cu. The oxidized ore and exosite were 313 Mt, and the total sulfide ore reserves were 303 Mt. The average grade is 0.49% Cu, 0.025% Mo.
The main copper mineral is the chalcopyrite, followed by the chalcopyrite, and the copper oxide is basically carbonate. The average grade of ore is: 0.47%~0.66% Cu, 0.025% Mo, 4% S, 2% Fe, 1% CaO, 87% SiO 2 , 3% PbO. Open pit mining.
3. Mineral processing technology
The oxidation rate of Baghdad ore is very high. For different ores, the beneficiation process is also very different. There are three common types:
Heap leaching: low-grade oxidized ore containing less than 0.3% copper, crushed to -200mm, dilute with sulfuric acid, and extract and recover copper by leaching solution.
Copper oxide ore leaching, precipitation flotation process: the higher the oxidation rate of the ore using sulfuric acid leaching, after precipitation with iron powder, and then was recovered by flotation in FIG. 1, the process shown in FIG.
Figure 1 Baghdad (oxidized ore) copper-molybdenum mixed flotation process
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Acid leaching: 5.5~11kg/t sulfuric acid immersion for 1.5h. At this time, the copper oxide is almost completely dissolved. The precipitation was replaced by 1.5 kg of iron powder per kg of copper for 10 min, and the reaction pH was 4~4.5. Precipitation flotation was added to Minerex 4.5 g/t, cresol 23 g/t float copper.
The oxidized ore or mixed ore is directly floated without leaching and precipitation, and the results are shown in the following table.
Table direct flotation (copper) indicator
Product | all bronze | Among them copper sulfide | Copper oxide |
grade(%) | Recovery rate(%) | grade(%) | Recovery rate(%) | grade(%) | Recovery rate(%) |
ore | 0.675 | 100.0 | 0.545 | 100.00 | 0.13 | 100.00 |
Concentrate | 22.30 | 82.00 | | 99.00 | | 7.70 |
Tailings | 0.125 | 18.00 | 0.005 | 1.00 | 0.12 | 92.30 |
Obviously, almost all of the copper oxide has entered the tailings. Because its content is less than 20% of the total copper, it has little effect on the total recovery rate. If the flotation is carried out by dip and sinking, the total copper recovery rate can reach over 90%. The mine contains copper up to 33%.
Copper sulfide ore flotation: differs from oxidized ore only in the absence of acid leaching, precipitation and precipitation flotation. The other processes are the same.
The mixed flotation concentrate grade 28% Cu, 0.72% Mo was sent to the copper-molybdenum separation plant.
The copper-molybdenum sorting process is shown in Figure 2. Baghdad adjusts the pH with sulfuric acid (to adjust the effect of lime added in the mixed flotation), using thioglycolic acid as a copper-molybdenum sorting agent, which is an organic non-toxic inhibitor, which is added to the rough selection and regrind. in. Baghdad also uses thioglycolic acid in combination with sodium cyanide. The final flotation concentrate has an average grade of 54% Mo and <1% Cu. The total recovery of molybdenum is ≥55%.
Figure 2 Baghdad copper-molybdenum sorting process
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