Centrifugation is the use of a powerful centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the centrifuge rotor to accelerate the sedimentation velocity of the particles in the liquid, separating the sedimentation coefficients and buoyancy-density materials in the sample. Therefore, it is necessary to use a centrifugal machine to generate a strong centrifugal force in order to force these particles to overcome the diffusion to produce a settling motion.
The centrifuge has a cylinder that rotates at a high speed about its own axis, called a drum, which is usually driven by an electric motor. After the suspension (or emulsion) is added to the drum, it is rapidly driven to rotate at the same speed as the drum, and the components are separated under the action of centrifugal force and discharged separately. Generally, the higher the drum speed, the better the separation.
Centrifuge base
Centrifuge main body
Centrifuge feed tube
Centrifuge buffer plate
Sieve blue bracket
Centrifugation is the use of a powerful centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the centrifuge rotor to accelerate the sedimentation velocity of the particles in the liquid, separating the sedimentation coefficients and buoyancy-density materials in the sample. Centrifuge used in chemical, petroleum, food, pharmaceutical, mineral processing, coal, water and ships. What are the classifications of centrifuges?
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Industrial centrifuges can be divided into three types: filtration centrifuge, sedimentation centrifuge and separator according to structure and separation requirements.First, the filter centrifuge
Centrifuges that perform centrifugal filtration, centrifuges that rely on filters and centrifugal forces are used as filtration centrifuges.
Structural features: filter screen, drum.
Principle of filter centrifuge: There are many small holes in the wall of the drum. There is a filter (filter cloth) in the wall. The suspension rotates in the drum. The liquid phase is pulled out of the screen by centrifugal force, and the solid particles are screened. The trap is formed to form a filter cake to achieve solid and liquid separation.
Adaptation range: a solid suspension with a high solid content and a large solid particle (d > 10 μm).
Comparison of several filter centrifuges:
Three-legged filter centrifuge search
An artificial upper loading centrifuge.
Widely used in: chemical, pharmaceutical, food, light industry and other industries.
Structure: drum, filter, spindle, bearing, chassis, outer casing, three pillars, belt drive, motor, etc.
Work order: start, feed, filter, wash, dry, stop, unload. Periodic, intermittent operation. After the suspension is started, it is gradually added into the drum. Under the action of the centrifugal force field, the liquid is filtered through the filter cloth (filter screen) and the drum hole, and the solid is trapped in the filter to form a filter cake.
advantage:
(1) The material has strong adaptability and can be used for solid-liquid separation, product deliquoring and filter cake washing.
(2) The structure is simple, and the manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and use cost are low.
(3) Smooth operation, easy to achieve airtight and explosion-proof.
Other types of three-legged:
1 Three-legged automatic scraper lower discharge type.
2 Three-legged lifting and unloading.
3 Three-legged airflow discharge type.
4 Three-legged piston upper discharge type.
The three-legged centrifuge is the most widely used filter centrifuge. When using a centrifugal filter to filter a suspension containing very small particles, it is usually necessary to use a filter cloth as the filter medium. No relative movement occurs. Obviously, the simplest type of centrifuge that meets these requirements is a three-legged centrifuge. It has a vertical drum, a solid bottom and a semi-closed top cylindrical drum. The top edge is called the drum edge, and the drum is supported on the tripod, hence the name three-legged centrifuge.
In general, there are many small holes drilled overcoat on a drum, the inside covered with one or more macroporous metal screen as the support means in a rotating drum-like filter cloth Sang. Before or after start-up, the white top of the suspension is introduced into the drum so that the filtrate flows out through the cover and the group particles are trapped on the filter cloth.
In general, the filter residue is discharged manually after the shutdown or by replacing the filter bag. A more advanced three-legged centrifuge can be used to reduce the speed of the drum to a few revolutions per minute, and then push a plow blade into the filter residue to remove solid material. The ploughing knife turns the solids toward the axis of the drum so that the filter slag falls out of the opening at the bottom of the drum, and all operations can be automated by means of a timer.
Overhang centrifuge search
Vertical filter centrifuge with spindle fulcrum higher than the center of gravity of the rotating component.
Widely used in: chemical, pharmaceutical, light industry, food and so on. Such as: sugar, salt, glucose and so on.
Structure: The drum is fixed at the lower end of the elongated shaft, and the upper end of the shaft has a bearing suspension mechanism connected with the motor, and the shaft drives the rotating drum to rotate.
Work cycle: feeding, rotary separation, washing, dehydration, unloading, rinsing filter, etc.
Working characteristics: low speed upper feeding, full speed separation, washing, dewatering, low speed lower discharge. The speed is continuous but varies periodically.
Advantages: 1 Adaptable to materials, adapt to different concentrations of suspension. 2 Feeding and unloading are not stopped, continuous operation, and relatively high efficiency. 3 The structure is relatively simple.
Disadvantages: 1 When feeding and unloading, it should be decelerated, and the operation has periodicity. 2 The spindle is long and is prone to flexural deformation.
Another type of structure:
1 Overhang scraper discharge type.
2 Overhang automatic unloading.
Horizontal scraper discharge centrifuge search
Working cycle: continuous feeding, separation, washing and drying at full speed, the piston continuously pushes and unloads.
Working characteristics: continuous operation at constant speed, automatic continuous feeding, hydraulic pulsation piston unloading, can achieve unattended, automatic operation.
Structure: drum, screen, pusher tray, cloth bucket, hollow shaft, push rod, composite cylinder, casing, frame, hydraulic system, etc.
Widely in: chemical, fertilizer, pharmaceutical, sugar and other industries.
Advantages: 1 High efficiency, high output and stable operation. 2 Can be automatically loaded and unloaded to achieve unattended duty. 3 Adaptable to materials, suitable for suspension of coarse and medium particles.
Disadvantages: 1 Not suitable for fine particle suspension; 2 sensitive to concentration fluctuations, easy to produce leakage. 3 The structure is relatively complicated. The pusher plate is reciprocated, the number of reciprocations is 20~30 times/min; the stroke is 1/10 of the length of the drum.
This centrifuge is classified as: 1 single-stage piston pusher centrifuge. 2 multi-stage piston push-type centrifuge - each stage is short, the slag is easy to push, the filter residue layer is thin, and the filter residue stays for a long time, which is good for dehydration and washing.
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