Under the leadership of the company's deputy manager Cui Ziqiang and others, the reporter changed into overalls, put on a hard hat, put on a flashlight, put on rain boots, and took the cage down the well. The reporter walked out of the cage at 526 meters and felt that the temperature was much lower than the ground. The master who worked at the wellhead said that the well kept a constant temperature of 18-25 degrees Celsius throughout the year.
Because this is rock gold veins, coupled with high humidity, dust rarely, unlike coal miners as the miners sounded dust dark body. The reporter groped his feet in the winding tunnel. When the tunnel was high and short, the reporter's helmet hit the rock at the top of the head from time to time. With the sound of "å’š", it was a skeleton.
From time to time, I heard the dull thunder in the distance. Cui Ziqiang said that this is a distant work surface in the cannon. After the process of water drenching, exhausting and exhausting, mechanical slag, etc., the ore can be loaded and transported. Going deeper, the criss-crossing lanes are connected one by one. The reporter turned around in the dark lanes and could not find a loop. When Cui manager found the reporter, the reporter proposed that he would like to follow the line of a downward-sloping well that could not see the head, and he was refused. Manager Cui said that in this Jinshan, the tunnel of their company and the tunnel of another company behind the mountain are connected, and the flat roadway is covered with roadway. In addition, there are multiple working faces in Jinshan. People are working on different floors. The upper and lower "buildings" are vertical and inclined wells, and the thinner the air is, the less the direction is, the less familiar with the path. People who are far away are hard to get back to the ground.
The miner said that their company still has a ten-mile long inclined shaft, which is taken in and out by a mine car every day. It takes more than one hour for a single trip. All workers adopt an 8-hour work system. The monthly salary of the workers on the well is about 4,000 yuan, and the monthly salary is 7,000 yuan.
Manager Cui said that in the past, the gold mining work was extremely hard. In addition to the gold sand in the river, it was the mining of underground gold by means of blasting. Several mining holes in their company were followed by the excavation of ancient mines. The ancestors dig along the outcropping veins, first burning the ore with wood, and then pouring cold water on the stone. The ore is inflated, shrunk, broken and broken. After the gold ore is mined underground, the ore is put into the basket and the ore is twisted up like a water. Then, the gold miner uses a hammer to smash the ore into small pieces, then crush it with tools such as stone shovel, stone mill, stone mill, etc., grind it into powder, sieve it with water, let the gold sand sink to the bottom, and then use cyanide and fire. Conduct "local alchemy". Before the 1960s, the production of gold used this process. Because of the great environmental pollution caused by earth-based alchemy, it has been eliminated.
Cui Ziqiang told reporters that in the past few years, ore containing about 5 grams of gold per ton had to be abandoned. Even if it was taken out, it was discarded as waste. In recent years, the price of gold has been rising, and with the advancement of technology, one or two grams of gold per ton of ore has also been mined.
Back at the shaft, I saw that the cage lifted 1 ton of multiple ore to the ground in a matter of minutes. The car filled with ore was launched, and under the control of the miners, the car quickly advanced along the rail to the original mine bin. These are mined gold ore beneficiation plant will be sent, waiting for people to extract.
Gold and silver floating bubbles are grayish black before being smelted
The car that followed the ore was hovering in the mountains for more than ten miles, and came to the Lingbao Jinyuan Xinling branch concentrator with a daily processing capacity of 900 tons of ore.
The forklift pushes the ore from different mines into the supply bin and crushes it to the particles below 10mm by the giant crusher . Then, send it to the goal mill and grind it to the level of the fine cornmeal we eat. These “cornme†are then sent to the jig with liquid in the discharge port.
As the name implies, the working principle of the jig is like the elimination of sand in the water. First, the coarse ore is selected to obtain the heavy gold powder. The remaining fine “cornme†pulp is overflowed into the flotation machine and enters the floating ore dressing operation.
Common sense tells us that the metal is heavy, and when it meets the water, it sinks to the bottom. What the reporter did not expect was that the precious metals that people had to extract, but magically floated to the surface of the water, let people fish. Originally, people added a collector, butyl xanthate, foaming agent, No. 2 oil to the fine "cornme" pulp according to the difference in physical and chemical properties of the mineral surface and filled it with air. Under the stirring of the flotation machine, a large amount of gray and bright bubbles are formed in the slurry, and useful mineral (gold, silver, etc.) particles
Adsorbed on the bubble, floated up to the surface of the slurry, and swept out by the rotating steel plate. The foam is swept out to form a gold-rich liquid with a gold grade of 40-45 g/ton and a concentration of 20%. These enriched gold and precious liquids are transported to a U-shaped polyester bag in the dewatering section. Just like our common tofu and thousands of sheets, the machine squeezes out the moisture in the bag to form a mud paste. The gray-black mud in the industry is called “Golden Mudâ€, also known as “Gold Concentrateâ€.
The reporter took a look at the gold mud and did not see the gold and silver inside. The technicians of the plant said that the so-called gold concentrate has a gold grade of 40-45 g/t and a silver grade of 30-50 g/t. Only when they are sent to a smelter for refining, can they see the true face of Lushan. The "golden mud" referred to here does not only contain gold or silver, but also contains various metals such as zinc, copper and aluminum .
When smelting, there is no fire liquid, "refining" gold and silver
Before going to the smelter, the reporter imagined that the smelting workshop must be a scene of "the fire and the earth, the red star and the purple smoke". It was discovered that the alchemy silver smelting did not see Ding Ignition, and it was actually "sweet smelting".
Upon authorization, the reporter came to the refining workshop of Jinyuan Chenguang Nonferrous Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd. in the eastern suburbs of Lingbao City. The deputy director of the workshop, Mao Pengfei, led the reporter to watch the whole process of “Golden Mud†and “Smelting†into gold and silver (17.36, 0.03, 0.17%).
The first step: remove the impurities. Hydrochloric acid was added to the liquid in the first reactor, heated to 80 ° C, and the gold sludge was put in a little bit, and 600 kg of gold mud was taken in 3 hours. The role of this step is to "removal", that is, the active zinc, aluminum, copper, etc. in the "golden mud" is recycled into liquid, and the remaining gold mud mainly contains gold and silver.
The second step: withdrawing gold. Then change the reaction tank with hydrochloric acid, raise the water temperature to 90 ° C, slowly put the gold and silver containing gold mud into it, and then add sodium chlorate, in order to turn the gold in the gold mud into liquid gold trichloride. Gold is turned into a liquid, and the "silver" in the gold mud is still solid, but it does not count as the true "silver", but a white powder - silver chloride. The gold precious liquid is pumped to another reaction kettle, and sodium hydrogen sulfite is added, which is used to reduce the gold precious liquid into gold powder. Then, the acid and soluble impurities in the gold powder are washed away with water, and the gold powder is melted into gold water on an intermediate frequency furnace, poured into a mold, and cooled to form a gold ingot. At this time, the color of gold reached 99%, because it is not pure enough, so it is called "Maojin".
The third step: silver. Iron powder and amount of drug into the reaction vessel of silver chloride, whose role is replaced with silver chloride as a white powder elemental silver, then it
Can we be called "silver". Then, it is electrolytically purified and cast into a silver ingot. At this time, the purity of the finished silver is 99.9%. Because it is still impure, it is called "hair silver". Mao Pengfei said that “Maojin†and “Mao Yin†were refined after the next refinery, and it was the real money used in the currency.
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