CNC engraving machine and shoe last CAM technology is an automatic processing system dedicated to shoe lasts, which includes hardware equipment for processing and software for controlling processing. The CNC engraving machine and the shoe last CAM technology process the data acquired by the shoe last CAD according to a certain three-dimensional numerical control machining algorithm, and the NC machining data can be obtained. After the automatic programming, the engraving machine can be controlled to perform the automatic numerical control machining of the shoe last.
Leather shoes are a necessity for people's lives. The footwear industry has a huge market both at home and abroad. The development of CNC engraving machines and related technologies has good social and economic benefits.
2. CNC engraving machine and its processing principle CNC engraving machine, as the name suggests, is the machine that uses digital control for shoe last processing. It is the final output device of shoe last CAD/CAM, which can be said to be the most important one in the whole system. Ring, which directly affects the quality of the shoe last.
The CNC engraving machine uses a stepping motor as the driving open-loop servo system. The advantage of the open-loop system is that it is simple in structure, easy to debug, and low in cost. It is fully capable of processing wooden or plastic shoe lasts.
The CNC engraving machine control system adopts an open CNC system based on PC microcomputer, using the industrial computer as the hardware platform, using the general operating system (Windows 98, etc.) and the general application software as the software platform. Thereby improving the reliability, openness and flexibility (flexibility) of the system, which is conducive to the further development of other functions of the CNC engraving machine.
The main body of the CNC engraving machine adopts two-coordinate linkage processing. The blank to be processed is fixed on the C-axis in the longitudinal direction and can be rotated around the C-axis under the driving of the C-axis stepping motor (1), while passing the synchronizing gear. The toothed belt (4) and the lead screw (6-1) drive the Y-axis sliding table (7) to move left and right in the Y direction. Through the X-axis stepper motor (8) and the lead screw (6-2), the X-axis slide table (10) on the Y-axis slide table can be translated back and forth along the X direction and fixed on the X-axis slide table. The high-speed explosion-proof motor (3) drives the cutter to rotate at a high speed through a flat belt (9). Therefore, the cutter head (11) that rotates at a high speed with the help of the two slide tables of the X-axis and the Y-axis can move freely in the X-Y plane, and by controlling the distance between the center of the cutter cutter and the center of the C-axis, The obtained shoe last profile data is processed on the outer contour of each section of the blank, and the excess material is cut to obtain the desired shoe last.
3. Shoe 楦 CAM technology 楦 CAM technology is a software system that converts the design of the shoe last (shoe last CAD) into a CNC engraving machine to complete the automatic processing. The shoe last CAM system directly reads into the shoe last CAD digitally defined shoe last data (through the discrete three-dimensional shape of the shoe last) through the shoe last processing technology and data processing, and then automatically generates the shoe last CNC machining program.
3. The three-dimensional shape of the shoe last is the content of the shoe last CAD. In order to facilitate the understanding of the shoe last CAM technology, it is briefly described as follows.
The shoe last is a free-form curved closed body composed of complex and irregular shaped curves and curved surfaces. Its outline cannot be composed of elementary analytical surfaces, nor can it be described by a simple mechanism three-view. Therefore, only the discrete method modeling technique can be used to approximate the outer contour surface of the last. The so-called discrete method modeling, for the free-form surface body, uses a discrete sheet-like facet that satisfies certain precision requirements to approximate the entire curved body. For shoe lasts, discrete accuracy is related to the discrete procedure of the shoe last surface data.
Taking the line connecting the two endpoints A and B of the carcass as the axis, establish the right coordinate system with A as the coordinate origin, then the length of AB is the length of the shoe last, set AB=L. Then we can use a sum The plane perpendicular to the axis AB is perpendicular to the plane of d, and the cutting body is progressively cut from B to A, and a series of closed curves intersecting the outer contour surface of the shoe last are obtained, which are called U lines, and are sequentially set to U 0, U 1, U 2,, U n - 1, where n represents the number of sections, and has: n = < L d > + 1 < > shows the integer. Under normal circumstances, it is impossible to divide d by L, so there must be a margin less than d after cutting, and if it is, then = L- ( n- 1) d.
Then, using a half plane with AB as the axis, the surface of the body is cut counterclockwise from the position of the positive half plane of the Y axis, and then a series of intersections with the surface of the shoe are obtained by A and B. The curve of the end point of the axis, called V line, is set to V 0, V 1, V 2,, V m - 1, and m is the number of bus segments. The relationship between them is: m=360.
In this way, the contour surface of the last can be regarded as a mesh-like small curved surface formed by the intersection of the U line (lateral direction) and the V line (longitudinal direction).
Since the use of polar coordinates in calculations is very simple and can simplify many complex problems, we use the polar coordinates of each of their intersections to describe the three-dimensional contour of the entire last. Let the polar radius of any intersection point be r ij, i = 0, 1, 2,, n-1 represent the U line number, j = 0, 1, 2, , m - 1 represents the V line number. As long as the discrete precision that accurately approximates the surface of the last is selected, that is, the appropriate d-sum is determined, the entire carcass surface can be approximated by the polar coordinates of the total nm points.
Therefore, the discrete data features describing the outline of the last are as follows: the last is divided into n turns along the central axis at a constant spacing d, with m data points per revolution, and the data is in polar form, rotating 360/m in counterclockwise direction You can get the polar radius of a point. The three-dimensional data of the last is obtained through our shoe last three-dimensional non-contact measuring instrument. All data is continuously stored in the data file from the head to the tail of the shoe last.
3. 2 Processing Process Processing includes reasonable selection of tools and tool points, determination of machining routes and determination of pulse equivalents for X-axis C-axis operation.
3. 2. 1 Tool selection For example, in a Z-shaped tool body with a radius of 40-50 mm, two common mechanisms are used to form a machining tool. The milling cutter is designed into a bowl shape, and the milling cutter bowl has a diameter of 30 mm. Left and right, the cutter head rotates at a high speed of 7000-8000 rpm. This type of tool ensures smooth and smooth machining of the wood or plastic blank.
3. 2. 2 Pair of tool points The tool point is the starting point of the machining. Select the head of the hoe. When designing the shoe last, leave a process part for the head and tail of the shoe last, called hoe and hoe. Tail, in order to process the clamping, after the processing is completed, the front part and the heel machine or manually remove the two parts. In order to avoid mechanical interference between the sliding table and the workpiece during cutting, the cutter head and the C-axis maintain a certain angle.
3. 2. 3 machining path According to the unique three-dimensional shape of the shoe last and the processing principle of the engraving machine, the movement process of the engraving machine is as follows: the blank revolves around the C axis, and the sliding table moves forward and backward along the X axis. Moving in the negative direction along the Y-axis, the cutter that drives the high-speed rotation gradually cuts off excess material on the blank. It can be seen from the machining schematic that the machining process of the last is a complex three-dimensional motion process composed of three motions of C-axis rotation, X-axis translation and Y-axis translation. The route is a spiral loop tangent. Since it is continuous, it reduces the free motion and improves the processing efficiency.
3. 2. 4 Determine the pulse equivalent In the CNC engraving machine, the stepper motor drives the C axis to drive the workpiece to rotate. One pulse (ie, 1 step) makes the angle Pc rotated by the C axis the corner pulse equivalent of the C axis. For each point of machining, the angle at which the C-axis needs to be rotated is = 360/m degrees, where m is the number of machining points per section of the last. It takes S c (steps) P o to turn the corner. Taking S c as an integer ensures that the C axis can be rotated by the whole number of steps when machining each point. From this, the C-axis corner pulse equivalent P c can be determined. P c can be solved by adjusting the stepping angle of the stepper.
Another stepping motor drives the turret to translate in the X-axis direction. One pulse causes the displacement of the turret along the X-axis to be called the pulse equivalent P x of the X-axis. P x is directly related to the machining accuracy and the roughness of the machined surface. For the processing of wood and plastic materials, P x can be selected between 0. 02mm 0. 05mm / pulse.
(Finish)
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