According to the main force of the ore and the different moving equipment used in the ore handling process, the mining method can be divided into the following categories:
( 1 ) Gravity self-slip movement; ( 2 ) vibration ore discharge; ( 3 ) electric raft transportation, ( 4 ) explosion force transportation, (5 ) trackless equipment transportation; ( 6 ) continuous transportation, ( 7 ) Other operations.
Gravity is self-slip, as long as the thickness and inclination of the ore body can ensure that the ore is self-slip, and the bottom plate does not have any ore remaining. It is effective to use gravity to move from the shovel. The dip angle is generally 60~98% when the steeply inclined thin vein is mined by the method of retaining ore, the empty field method is more than 50% , and the caving method is 70~75% . When mining the ore body which is not steep enough, in order to eliminate the residual of the bottom plate For the loss of ore, it is possible to use a bottoming or to open a mine roadway in the surrounding rock of the floor.
Electric Rake Haulage in our non-ferrous metal mines are widely used in underground mining, it has the advantage of good conditions of equipment supply, reliable operation, easy operation and maintenance, low cost ore haulage. The disadvantages are: The effective transport distance is short, generally only 30~60m , the production capacity is low, and the efficiency of the shift is generally only about 100t .
Compared with electric transport, the trackless equipment transport has longer effective transport distance, better maneuverability and higher transport effect. However, it has the disadvantages of large equipment depreciation and maintenance costs. Therefore, individual The mine has obtained the cost of moving the trackless equipment higher than that of the electric pick. Slopes and scraper roads that are transported using trackless equipment have a large cross section, limited slope and radius of curvature, and high road quality requirements. Pneumatic loaders in trackless transport equipment have high energy consumption, poor maneuverability, and are eliminated. Diesel scrapers have the drawback of exhaust gas polluting underground air. The length of transmission cables for electric scrapers is limited. Poor than diesel scrapers. The remote-controlled electric scraper is a new type of equipment that has emerged in recent years , which eliminates the risky work of workers but is less efficient. Three types of scrapers have yet to be researched and improved.
Explosive force transport uses the blasting force at the time of falling mine to make the ore throw a distance. It is a practical transport method for mining ore with a dip angle of 30~50° and a thickness of 2~10m . The process is more complicated, the explosive consumption is larger, the ore loss is also larger, and the use conditions are limited.
As long as there is gravity potential energy available, it is effective to use a vibrating miner to replace the various gates of gravity self-slip. The main advantage of vibrating ore is that the vibration wave can improve the ore flow, the ore flow is stable, the controllability is good, and the measurement is accurate, which is conducive to the implementation of planned ore mining, reducing ore loss and depletion. The disadvantage is that the vibrating miner is a fixed device with poor flexibility and short moving distance.
The development of a continuous transporter matched with the vibrating miner is one of the keys to the continuous transport of underground mining. The Soviet Union used a vibrating miner, a vibrating conveyor and a vibrating grid to form a unit, which was carried out in the sublevel caving method without a bottom column. Industrial test. China's Shimian mining belt conveyor in China matched the vibrating miner and made a first attempt in the caving method. Continuous transportation is an effective way to greatly increase the production capacity of the stope.
The combination of hydraulic and electric transport and gravity self-slip is an auxiliary measure to solve the problem that the ore cannot be slipped when gravity is used in the ore body.
( 1 ) Gravity self-slip movement; ( 2 ) vibration ore discharge; ( 3 ) electric raft transportation, ( 4 ) explosion force transportation, (5 ) trackless equipment transportation; ( 6 ) continuous transportation, ( 7 ) Other operations.
Gravity is self-slip, as long as the thickness and inclination of the ore body can ensure that the ore is self-slip, and the bottom plate does not have any ore remaining. It is effective to use gravity to move from the shovel. The dip angle is generally 60~98% when the steeply inclined thin vein is mined by the method of retaining ore, the empty field method is more than 50% , and the caving method is 70~75% . When mining the ore body which is not steep enough, in order to eliminate the residual of the bottom plate For the loss of ore, it is possible to use a bottoming or to open a mine roadway in the surrounding rock of the floor.
Electric Rake Haulage in our non-ferrous metal mines are widely used in underground mining, it has the advantage of good conditions of equipment supply, reliable operation, easy operation and maintenance, low cost ore haulage. The disadvantages are: The effective transport distance is short, generally only 30~60m , the production capacity is low, and the efficiency of the shift is generally only about 100t .
Compared with electric transport, the trackless equipment transport has longer effective transport distance, better maneuverability and higher transport effect. However, it has the disadvantages of large equipment depreciation and maintenance costs. Therefore, individual The mine has obtained the cost of moving the trackless equipment higher than that of the electric pick. Slopes and scraper roads that are transported using trackless equipment have a large cross section, limited slope and radius of curvature, and high road quality requirements. Pneumatic loaders in trackless transport equipment have high energy consumption, poor maneuverability, and are eliminated. Diesel scrapers have the drawback of exhaust gas polluting underground air. The length of transmission cables for electric scrapers is limited. Poor than diesel scrapers. The remote-controlled electric scraper is a new type of equipment that has emerged in recent years , which eliminates the risky work of workers but is less efficient. Three types of scrapers have yet to be researched and improved.
Explosive force transport uses the blasting force at the time of falling mine to make the ore throw a distance. It is a practical transport method for mining ore with a dip angle of 30~50° and a thickness of 2~10m . The process is more complicated, the explosive consumption is larger, the ore loss is also larger, and the use conditions are limited.
As long as there is gravity potential energy available, it is effective to use a vibrating miner to replace the various gates of gravity self-slip. The main advantage of vibrating ore is that the vibration wave can improve the ore flow, the ore flow is stable, the controllability is good, and the measurement is accurate, which is conducive to the implementation of planned ore mining, reducing ore loss and depletion. The disadvantage is that the vibrating miner is a fixed device with poor flexibility and short moving distance.
The development of a continuous transporter matched with the vibrating miner is one of the keys to the continuous transport of underground mining. The Soviet Union used a vibrating miner, a vibrating conveyor and a vibrating grid to form a unit, which was carried out in the sublevel caving method without a bottom column. Industrial test. China's Shimian mining belt conveyor in China matched the vibrating miner and made a first attempt in the caving method. Continuous transportation is an effective way to greatly increase the production capacity of the stope.
The combination of hydraulic and electric transport and gravity self-slip is an auxiliary measure to solve the problem that the ore cannot be slipped when gravity is used in the ore body.
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