With the development of the times and the advancement of science and technology, biometrics technology has been widely used, and can be widely used in government, military, banking, social welfare, e-commerce, security and other fields. Compared with traditional password or pattern authentication, biometric technology is more secure, reliable, accurate and convenient. As a result, the biometrics industry has developed rapidly and has an extremely broad prospect.
Biometrics refers to the technology of personal identification using the inherent physiological characteristics of the human body through close integration with high-tech means such as optics, acoustics, biosensors and biostatistics. There are mainly techniques such as fingerprint recognition, face recognition, and iris recognition.
The development of biometric technology has experienced two generations of evolution: the first generation of biometric recognition technology is the identification of surface information, such as fingerprints, palm prints, faces, irises, etc. The second generation of biometric identification technology uses in vivo information for identification. It is the shape and characteristics of the body that the human eye cannot see. For example, vein recognition. Compared with the first generation biometric technology, the vein is known by the industry as the world's top biometric technology because of its biometric authentication, high anti-counterfeiting and inability to replicate.
Next, we will introduce the categories of biometrics and their advantages and disadvantages.
The first is the most widely used fingerprint recognition technology. Since human fingerprints are produced by the combination of genetics and the environment, fingerprints are available to everyone, but they are different. Fingerprint recognition technology analyzes the combination of ridges and valleys by analyzing the global features of fingerprints and some features of fingerprints, and extracts feature values ​​from them. Fingerprint recognition has a long history of research, is very mature in technology, low in cost, and the fingerprint identification module is relatively small, and currently has more than half of the biometric authentication. At present, it has been applied in many fields such as locks, attendance, access control, computers, banks and safes, and smart phones. However, fingerprint recognition is physical contact, invasive, and fingerprints are prone to wear, and fingerprint extraction is difficult for individuals. In addition, when the finger is stained with water or oil, the success rate of fingerprint recognition will be greatly reduced, and various existing fingerprint recognition technologies cannot solve the problem of reduced wet hand recognition rate. The above factors limit the future development of fingerprint recognition.
The second biometric recognition technology is a face recognition technology, which is a biometric recognition technology based on human facial feature information for identification. Compared with fingerprint recognition technology, face recognition has higher precision and is a non-contact recognition technology, which is more convenient and quicker to operate. In terms of promotion, the current common camera can be used as a sensor. Face recognition mainly relies on face recognition software and algorithms. The common camera can be used as a sensor for collecting face information. The cost is relatively low and the customer is more acceptable. Based on the above characteristics, face recognition will replace fingerprint recognition in the next stage of the biometrics industry to usher in rapid development. However, face recognition also has certain security risks. First of all, the difference between different individuals is not very large, and even some people are very similar, resulting in lower accuracy of recognition, followed by instability of human face, and human face can There are a lot of expressions, and there will be big differences between different angles, as well as various factors such as lighting conditions, age, and posture.
In addition to face recognition, iris recognition in the future also has a good development potential. Iris recognition is one of the most accurate techniques in biometrics. It has the characteristics of low misrecognition rate, difficult to forge, difficult to copy, and biometrics are not easily damaged. In theory, it will be more accurate and reliable than fingerprint recognition and face recognition. Based on the above characteristics, future applications in security, defense, e-commerce and other fields will inevitably focus on iris recognition technology. However, iris recognition has high requirements for image acquisition devices and their use of illumination sources, and the cost is high, and it is currently difficult to popularize on portable terminals.
In addition to the above, recently this year, a new biometric technology has been developed, which is the vein recognition technology, which uses hemoglobin in the blood to absorb infrared rays. When near-infrared light hits a finger or palm, The hemoglobin in the subcutaneous vein of the finger or palm has a higher absorption rate of near-infrared light than other physiological tissues such as skin, muscle, and the like, and thus exhibits a black-and-white contrast image mode. Vein recognition is mainly divided into finger vein recognition and palm vein recognition. The two principles are basically the same. Vein recognition is currently the most safe biometric identification technology, and it belongs to living body recognition, and is not affected by rough skin and external environment. In addition, vein recognition can also be identified in a non-contact manner. However, vein recognition is an emerging technology, and its front-end acquisition must rely on special equipment, which is expensive and difficult to achieve miniaturization, which greatly limits the market application of vein recognition.
With the continuous advancement of science and technology, biometrics technology will be further improved and improved, and will better serve people's work and life, and the biometrics technology industry will also flourish.
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