Suggestions: Cai Jiming, Member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Director of Political Economy Research Center, Tsinghua University Key words: Electric Vehicles Main Recommendations: It is widely believed at home and abroad that the obstacle to the commercialization of electric vehicles is the lag in battery technology. But this is a serious misreading of the facts! Lag is not battery manufacturing technology, but the use of battery technology! It is the wrong concept and method of use that led to the early failure of the battery. It is based on the vehicle as the starting point to request the battery's technical route to cause the mismatch of the car's electricity! Therefore, the correct choice is not to find a new battery, not to adapt the battery to the vehicle, but to use battery characteristics as a starting point to allow the vehicle to adapt to the battery! Changing the definition of battery-free maintenance involves manual maintenance. This is the short cut to commercializing electric vehicles.
Proposal full text:
1. Problems existing in the research and development of electric vehicles in China Although the development of electric vehicles in China has been highly valued by governments at all levels and has invested a great deal of financial resources, it has also achieved a series of research and development achievements, involving 190 models of 54 automobile companies. Aboard the "Catalogue of Recommended Models for Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicles, Demonstration, Extension, and Application Projects", there are very few vehicles for actual sales and demonstration operations. In accordance with the "Automobile Industry Revitalization Plan" issued by the State Council in early 2009, China's electric The number of vehicles to be operated should reach 500,000 vehicles and account for 5% of passenger vehicle sales. However, only 7,181 vehicles were put into operation in 2010, and not even 10,000 vehicles in 2011. A considerable number of them were put into storage on sporadic firing, which was far from the goal of national planning.
Since 2009, China has conducted demonstration demonstrations of electric vehicles in more than 20 cities. According to the government’s original intention, the demonstration operation should be a bridge to the commercialization of electric vehicles from the R&D stage. However, unfortunately, the government’s vision has not achieved the desired results. The technical and financial indicators obtained by the demonstration operation do not meet the requirements. The feasibility of mass replication.
2. The transformation of China's electric vehicle research and development ideas To commercialize electric vehicles, it is necessary to create a new road for electric vehicles and realize the transformation of electric vehicle development ideas.
The first change:
It is generally believed at home and abroad that the obstacle to the commercialization of electric vehicles is the lag in battery technology. But this is a serious misreading of the facts! Lag is not battery manufacturing technology, but the use of battery technology! It is the wrong concept and method of use that led to the early failure of the battery. It is based on the vehicle as the starting point to request the battery's technical route to cause the mismatch of the car's electricity! Therefore, the correct choice is not to find a new battery, not to adapt the battery to the vehicle, but to use battery characteristics as a starting point to allow the vehicle to adapt to the battery! Changing the definition of battery-free maintenance involves manual maintenance. This is the short cut to commercializing electric vehicles.
The second change:
To introduce manual maintenance of batteries, it is necessary to create a technical route for separation of automobiles and vehicles, so that batteries can be quickly replaced in electric vehicles, especially sedan electric cars, and maintained by professional and technical personnel and companies outside the vehicle body, so as to ensure the economy of the battery. life. Without this technical condition, the battery must be replaced in the whole group, and its economic burden is unbearable to users.
The third change:
The electric vehicle industry has opened up a new era in which personal transportation will undergo systematic changes. This objectively requires a new business role to assume the full service of the battery and assume the social responsibility of the responsibility of the battery. This role is to replace the battery. Electric operators, it is the new protagonist of the electric car era. It is impossible to focus on the original automobile companies, and it is even more difficult to put Baodu on auto companies. Otherwise, he will misuse Guan Yu and lose Jingzhou! Therefore, for the government, incubating and nurturing the charge-and-swap operators who assume full battery service and battery responsibilities are more important than technological breakthroughs.
The fourth transition:
The separation of cars and vehicles is a brand-new business system in which car companies only sell naked cars without batteries and only do what they are best at, so that they can quickly enter large quantities without any burden. Sales stage. Only by correctly positioning their own roles and supporting roles can auto companies maximize their commercial interests. Whoever first understands this point will be able to emerge and grow rapidly in the development of electric vehicles.
The fifth shift:
Many new products, no matter how high the initial cost, can rely on their unique features to make some consumers willing to pay for it at a high price. The upgraded products such as mobile phones, computers, and mobile communication terminals can all follow this route to enter the market, and then expand production capacity, reduce costs, realize high-volume sales, and eventually become civilian-oriented products.
However, electric cars cannot go this route because electric cars do not create new functions for users. Its only reference is fuel vehicles. This is destined to the marketization of electric vehicles is to fight with the cost of fuel vehicles, not fight function. Electric cars cannot be driven from the direction of aristocrats first, and then converted into civilian vehicles. Its starting point must be a low-cost route. A cost-free R&D route is to produce functionally-skilled concept cars, concept charging stations, and no commercial vehicles. The use of value will eventually be a dead end.
The sixth shift:
The core of the electric vehicle package technology is not on the vehicle, nor on the battery, but in the use of the battery. Through the full service and operation of the battery, all the problems that plague the commercialization of electric vehicles can be solved:
(1) The price of a naked car is comparable to that of a fuel car so that it can be afforded to general users.
(2) The power exchange can be completed within 5 minutes, and the quickness is not different from that of a fuel vehicle.
(3) Through the manual maintenance of the battery, the battery life reaches more than a thousand times, and the total cost of using electricity is 30% lower than that of the fuel.
(4) Equipped with a low-cost, small-scale charging and switching station, the network layout is the same as that of a convenience store, which makes it easier to change electricity than to refuel.
In this way, there are no technical obstacles to the commercialization of electric vehicles. Therefore, the development of electric vehicles does not require a demonstration run, but instead of relying on government-subsidized commercialization pilots, this is the real commanding height, who will be the first to get a foothold on this step and who will become the leader of electric vehicles.
3. Commercialization model of pure electric vehicle for electric car replacement at Tsinghua University (1) Comprehensive electric indicators The best electric car is calculated according to the procurement evaluation index of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the party and government agency for new energy official vehicles. The Lifan 620 electric car developed by this project is actually measured. Up to 85 points, ranking first in the country. The score item is "Acceleration to 50Km/h for more than 6 seconds without scoring." We accelerated the time to 9 seconds and lost 15 points. The loss of this indicator does not affect the use. Moreover, our vehicle also has the function of replacing the battery. The manufacturing cost is only 145,000 yuan for the battery and 85,000 yuan for the bare car. The price is only 40% of that of the BYD electric vehicle E6. Even without government subsidies, it is 110,000 yuan less than the government-subsidized BYD e6, and the bare car is 170,000 yuan cheaper.
From this table, we can see that because the project uses a small electric motor of 15 kilowatts, there is no water cooling system, and the voltage is also the lowest, giving full play to the simple advantages of the electric vehicle structure, but it is at the forefront of the highest speed index, and has exceeded many Use large motor models. In terms of driving range, it is still more than one hundred thousand kilometers. It is more than 100 kilometers more than the BYDe6 with the largest number of batteries. In the 100 kilometers power consumption index, it is ranked first. At the same time, the open price of our company's Thousand-Hee 620 electric vehicle is only 148,000 yuan. If it is bare-bones sales of only 88,000 yuan, it has the advantage of competing with fuel-fuel vehicles on the same platform. The most important thing is: This project is the only company in the world that dares to guarantee the quality of battery for 200,000 kilometers in 5 years. This guarantee is the key to the commercialization of electric vehicles. As a whole, the Thousand Xie 620 electric vehicle developed by this project is far ahead of many domestic brands in terms of comprehensive indicators.
(2) China's most cost-effective charging and switching station The cost of the charging and switching station we researched and developed is only 1.95 million yuan, which is only one-twentieth of the 40 million yuan of the same-scale large-scale charging and switching station used by the State Grid. Moreover, our charge-and-replace power station only occupies very little land and can be built on the side of the park green space and under the overpass. At the same time, due to the simple principle, the complete set of equipment has high reliability and the failure rate is much lower than that of large charging stations. It is estimated that the charging service charge is only 20% of the large-scale charging stations, and the time for battery replacement is only 3 minutes.
(3) The country's first power battery maintenance technology and special equipment have greatly improved the service life of the battery, ensuring that the life of the power battery reaches more than 800 times and travels 200,000 kilometers. In the near future, it will reach 1,500 cycles and 400,000 kilometers of total mileage. Completely solved the problem of high depreciation of the battery, remove the obstacles to the commercialization of electric vehicles.
(4) Technical indicators Domestic leading power battery This is a power battery developed specifically for battery-operated electric vehicles and battery maintenance technology. It has six international patents and its battery pack energy density reaches 135W/kg, which exceeds 40% of lithium iron phosphate battery. However, the price has been reduced by 30%. More importantly, in the winter environment below 0 degrees Celsius, the energy of lithium iron phosphate batteries is about 20%, and our batteries have almost no attenuation. Its low-temperature performance is exceptionally excellent, reaching the highest level in the country.
The above results have provided solutions for the commercialization of electric vehicles.
Proposal full text:
1. Problems existing in the research and development of electric vehicles in China Although the development of electric vehicles in China has been highly valued by governments at all levels and has invested a great deal of financial resources, it has also achieved a series of research and development achievements, involving 190 models of 54 automobile companies. Aboard the "Catalogue of Recommended Models for Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicles, Demonstration, Extension, and Application Projects", there are very few vehicles for actual sales and demonstration operations. In accordance with the "Automobile Industry Revitalization Plan" issued by the State Council in early 2009, China's electric The number of vehicles to be operated should reach 500,000 vehicles and account for 5% of passenger vehicle sales. However, only 7,181 vehicles were put into operation in 2010, and not even 10,000 vehicles in 2011. A considerable number of them were put into storage on sporadic firing, which was far from the goal of national planning.
Since 2009, China has conducted demonstration demonstrations of electric vehicles in more than 20 cities. According to the government’s original intention, the demonstration operation should be a bridge to the commercialization of electric vehicles from the R&D stage. However, unfortunately, the government’s vision has not achieved the desired results. The technical and financial indicators obtained by the demonstration operation do not meet the requirements. The feasibility of mass replication.
2. The transformation of China's electric vehicle research and development ideas To commercialize electric vehicles, it is necessary to create a new road for electric vehicles and realize the transformation of electric vehicle development ideas.
The first change:
It is generally believed at home and abroad that the obstacle to the commercialization of electric vehicles is the lag in battery technology. But this is a serious misreading of the facts! Lag is not battery manufacturing technology, but the use of battery technology! It is the wrong concept and method of use that led to the early failure of the battery. It is based on the vehicle as the starting point to request the battery's technical route to cause the mismatch of the car's electricity! Therefore, the correct choice is not to find a new battery, not to adapt the battery to the vehicle, but to use battery characteristics as a starting point to allow the vehicle to adapt to the battery! Changing the definition of battery-free maintenance involves manual maintenance. This is the short cut to commercializing electric vehicles.
The second change:
To introduce manual maintenance of batteries, it is necessary to create a technical route for separation of automobiles and vehicles, so that batteries can be quickly replaced in electric vehicles, especially sedan electric cars, and maintained by professional and technical personnel and companies outside the vehicle body, so as to ensure the economy of the battery. life. Without this technical condition, the battery must be replaced in the whole group, and its economic burden is unbearable to users.
The third change:
The electric vehicle industry has opened up a new era in which personal transportation will undergo systematic changes. This objectively requires a new business role to assume the full service of the battery and assume the social responsibility of the responsibility of the battery. This role is to replace the battery. Electric operators, it is the new protagonist of the electric car era. It is impossible to focus on the original automobile companies, and it is even more difficult to put Baodu on auto companies. Otherwise, he will misuse Guan Yu and lose Jingzhou! Therefore, for the government, incubating and nurturing the charge-and-swap operators who assume full battery service and battery responsibilities are more important than technological breakthroughs.
The fourth transition:
The separation of cars and vehicles is a brand-new business system in which car companies only sell naked cars without batteries and only do what they are best at, so that they can quickly enter large quantities without any burden. Sales stage. Only by correctly positioning their own roles and supporting roles can auto companies maximize their commercial interests. Whoever first understands this point will be able to emerge and grow rapidly in the development of electric vehicles.
The fifth shift:
Many new products, no matter how high the initial cost, can rely on their unique features to make some consumers willing to pay for it at a high price. The upgraded products such as mobile phones, computers, and mobile communication terminals can all follow this route to enter the market, and then expand production capacity, reduce costs, realize high-volume sales, and eventually become civilian-oriented products.
However, electric cars cannot go this route because electric cars do not create new functions for users. Its only reference is fuel vehicles. This is destined to the marketization of electric vehicles is to fight with the cost of fuel vehicles, not fight function. Electric cars cannot be driven from the direction of aristocrats first, and then converted into civilian vehicles. Its starting point must be a low-cost route. A cost-free R&D route is to produce functionally-skilled concept cars, concept charging stations, and no commercial vehicles. The use of value will eventually be a dead end.
The sixth shift:
The core of the electric vehicle package technology is not on the vehicle, nor on the battery, but in the use of the battery. Through the full service and operation of the battery, all the problems that plague the commercialization of electric vehicles can be solved:
(1) The price of a naked car is comparable to that of a fuel car so that it can be afforded to general users.
(2) The power exchange can be completed within 5 minutes, and the quickness is not different from that of a fuel vehicle.
(3) Through the manual maintenance of the battery, the battery life reaches more than a thousand times, and the total cost of using electricity is 30% lower than that of the fuel.
(4) Equipped with a low-cost, small-scale charging and switching station, the network layout is the same as that of a convenience store, which makes it easier to change electricity than to refuel.
In this way, there are no technical obstacles to the commercialization of electric vehicles. Therefore, the development of electric vehicles does not require a demonstration run, but instead of relying on government-subsidized commercialization pilots, this is the real commanding height, who will be the first to get a foothold on this step and who will become the leader of electric vehicles.
3. Commercialization model of pure electric vehicle for electric car replacement at Tsinghua University (1) Comprehensive electric indicators The best electric car is calculated according to the procurement evaluation index of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the party and government agency for new energy official vehicles. The Lifan 620 electric car developed by this project is actually measured. Up to 85 points, ranking first in the country. The score item is "Acceleration to 50Km/h for more than 6 seconds without scoring." We accelerated the time to 9 seconds and lost 15 points. The loss of this indicator does not affect the use. Moreover, our vehicle also has the function of replacing the battery. The manufacturing cost is only 145,000 yuan for the battery and 85,000 yuan for the bare car. The price is only 40% of that of the BYD electric vehicle E6. Even without government subsidies, it is 110,000 yuan less than the government-subsidized BYD e6, and the bare car is 170,000 yuan cheaper.
From this table, we can see that because the project uses a small electric motor of 15 kilowatts, there is no water cooling system, and the voltage is also the lowest, giving full play to the simple advantages of the electric vehicle structure, but it is at the forefront of the highest speed index, and has exceeded many Use large motor models. In terms of driving range, it is still more than one hundred thousand kilometers. It is more than 100 kilometers more than the BYDe6 with the largest number of batteries. In the 100 kilometers power consumption index, it is ranked first. At the same time, the open price of our company's Thousand-Hee 620 electric vehicle is only 148,000 yuan. If it is bare-bones sales of only 88,000 yuan, it has the advantage of competing with fuel-fuel vehicles on the same platform. The most important thing is: This project is the only company in the world that dares to guarantee the quality of battery for 200,000 kilometers in 5 years. This guarantee is the key to the commercialization of electric vehicles. As a whole, the Thousand Xie 620 electric vehicle developed by this project is far ahead of many domestic brands in terms of comprehensive indicators.
(2) China's most cost-effective charging and switching station The cost of the charging and switching station we researched and developed is only 1.95 million yuan, which is only one-twentieth of the 40 million yuan of the same-scale large-scale charging and switching station used by the State Grid. Moreover, our charge-and-replace power station only occupies very little land and can be built on the side of the park green space and under the overpass. At the same time, due to the simple principle, the complete set of equipment has high reliability and the failure rate is much lower than that of large charging stations. It is estimated that the charging service charge is only 20% of the large-scale charging stations, and the time for battery replacement is only 3 minutes.
(3) The country's first power battery maintenance technology and special equipment have greatly improved the service life of the battery, ensuring that the life of the power battery reaches more than 800 times and travels 200,000 kilometers. In the near future, it will reach 1,500 cycles and 400,000 kilometers of total mileage. Completely solved the problem of high depreciation of the battery, remove the obstacles to the commercialization of electric vehicles.
(4) Technical indicators Domestic leading power battery This is a power battery developed specifically for battery-operated electric vehicles and battery maintenance technology. It has six international patents and its battery pack energy density reaches 135W/kg, which exceeds 40% of lithium iron phosphate battery. However, the price has been reduced by 30%. More importantly, in the winter environment below 0 degrees Celsius, the energy of lithium iron phosphate batteries is about 20%, and our batteries have almost no attenuation. Its low-temperature performance is exceptionally excellent, reaching the highest level in the country.
The above results have provided solutions for the commercialization of electric vehicles.
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