Different Types of Cranes Used in Ports
The port industry relies heavily on various lifting and lowering mechanical devices to ensure smooth operations. Among these, cranes stand out as essential tools capable of handling heavy loads from different heights and vessels. These machines operate using cables and pulleys to function effectively.
The port is a bustling environment requiring specialized equipment to maximize efficiency. Cranes are specifically designed to load and unload bulky goods like containers, which can weigh several tons. Here's an overview of the most common types of port cranes and their applications.
What Are the Different Types of Port Cranes?
Port cranes vary based on the tasks they perform. Depending on the size of the vessel and the weight of the cargo, different cranes are utilized. Below is a detailed look at the top port cranes and their specific uses:
1. Panamax Cranes
2. Post Panamax
3. Super Post Panamax
4. Floating Cranes
5. Bulk Handling Cranes
6. Gantry Cranes
7. Hammerhead Cranes
8. Tower Cranes
9. Deck Cranes
10. Rough Terrain Cranes
11. Overhead Cranes
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Panamax Cranes
Named after the size of ships that can pass through the Panama Canal, Panamax cranes extend up to 30 meters with a lifting height of 36-38 meters. They can handle up to 13 containers on the cover, lifting between 40-50 tons in a single lift and up to 65 tons in a double lift. These cranes boast a lifting speed of 50-125 meters per minute, with a carriage travel speed of 150-180 meters per minute.
Post Panamax Cranes
Larger than Panamax cranes, Post Panamax cranes can hold up to 16 containers on the cover. They reach heights of up to 45 meters with a lifting height of 35 meters. With similar weight capacities as Panamax cranes, they offer enhanced capabilities for handling larger vessels.
Super Post Panamax Cranes
These are the largest port cranes currently available. With a spreader that can accommodate 65 tons during a double lift and a tandem lift capacity of 110 tons, these cranes can reach heights of 53 meters with a lifting height of 40 meters. They feature a lifting speed of 70-175 meters per minute, with a carriage speed of 210-240 meters per minute.
Floating Cranes
Floating cranes are essentially vessels equipped with winches. Primarily used in harbor and bridge construction, they are also invaluable for lifting unusually heavy objects in ports. These vessels can lift over ten thousand tons and are capable of recovering sunken ships using their crane hooks. They are highly flexible, allowing them to transport objects to designated locations.
Bulk Handling Cranes
Bulk handling cranes use grabbing hoists operated via riggings to manage large quantities of materials like gravel, coal, and grain. These cranes are available as mobile or fixed units and can handle up to 2,300 tonnes per hour.
Gantry Cranes
Gantry cranes are versatile and can be used across multiple industries. Available in fixed or adjustable heights, they are constructed from steel or aluminum depending on their intended use. Their design includes two upright beams connected by a horizontal beam, which supports two A-shaped frames with wheels for mobility. Smaller models are ideal for moving containers in construction and port settings, while larger versions are used in warehouses.
Hammerhead Cranes
Also known as giant cantilevers, hammerhead cranes consist of a tall steel tower with a horizontal double cantilever fitted with a lifting trolley. The jib extends backward for weight balancing, and the system allows for back-and-forth trolley movements to prevent interference with the load's height. These cranes can lift loads exceeding 350 tons.
Tower Cranes
Modern balanced cranes fixed on the ground, tower cranes provide an excellent combination of lifting capacity and height. They are commonly used in shipyard constructions and to lift containers in havens, reaching heights of up to 1,000 meters with a base of about 3.5 meters.
Deck Cranes
Found on ships or boats, deck cranes are used for cargo operations like loading and unloading. They are particularly useful for retrieving goods on shores without unloading devices. Most are hydraulically operated using either electric or diesel-hydraulic systems.
Rough Terrain Cranes
Mounted on carriages with four wheels, rough terrain cranes are designed for rugged terrains. Outriggers extend both horizontally and vertically to stabilize the crane during hoisting. Powered by a single engine, these cranes excel in maneuvering through rocky and gravel-filled environments.
Overhead Cranes
Also known as suspended cranes, these are widely used in factories for lifting heavy loads. Larger models, like goliath cranes, are used in shipyards. Consisting of hoists on trolleys, they can move along one or two beams and at angles along the ground and elevated levels.
Elebia Hooks: The Right Solution for Ports
The elebia hook is an indispensable tool for port operators, featuring advanced technology to enhance safety and efficiency. Equipped with a swivel bearing, it ensures smooth operation and allows the hook to fix on immobile positions. The automatic lifting hooks come with an electric motor protected by a clutch to prevent overloading and a structured steel body with high-strength corrosion-resistant polyester coating.
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